136. On the other hand, it is troubling that, when some ecological movements defend the integrity of the environment, rightly demanding that certain limits be imposed on scientific research, they sometimes fail to apply those same principles to human life. There is a tendency to justify transgressing all boundaries when experimentation is carried out on living human embryos. We forget that the inalienable worth of a human being transcends his or her degree of development. In the same way, when technology disregards the great ethical principles, it ends up considering any practice whatsoever as licit. As we have seen in this chapter, a technology severed from ethics will not easily be able to limit its own power.
189. Politics must not be subject to the economy, nor should the economy be subject to the dictates of an efficiency-driven paradigm of technocracy. Today, in view of the common good, there is urgent need for politics and economics to enter into a frank dialogue in the service of life, especially human life. Saving banks at any cost, making the public pay the price, foregoing a firm commitment to reviewing and reforming the entire system, only reaffirms the absolute power of a financial system, a power which has no future and will only give rise to new crises after a slow, costly and only apparent recovery. The financial crisis of 2007-08 provided an opportunity to develop a new economy, more attentive to ethical principles, and new ways of regulating speculative financial practices and virtual wealth. But the response to the crisis did not include rethinking the outdated criteria which continue to rule the world. Production is not always rational, and is usually tied to economic variables which assign to products a value that does not necessarily correspond to their real worth. This frequently leads to an overproduction of some commodities, with unnecessary impact on the environment and with negative results on regional economies.[133] The financial bubble also tends to be a productive bubble. The problem of the real economy is not confronted with vigour, yet it is the real economy which makes diversification and improvement in production possible, helps companies to function well, and enables small and medium businesses to develop and create employment.
Principles and Practice of Panoramic Radiology book pdf
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Intraoral and panoramic radiographs are the basic imaging techniques in dentomaxillofacial radiology, allowing two-dimensional (2D) imaging of oral hard tissues [1]. Often these imaging methods fulfil the requirements for dental imaging. However, these 2D, plain radiography methods have a limited capability in the evaluation of 3D relationships. As the technological advances in radiological imaging have led to the introduction of new methods in many fields of radiology, this also applies to dentomaxillofacial radiology. While multislice computed tomography (MSCT) imaging is a well-known 3D imaging method, cone beam CT (CBCT) is a fairly recent newcomer as these devices were introduced in dentomaxillofacial imaging in the late 1990s [2, 3]. Nowadays CBCT imaging is a widely used imaging method in dentomaxillofacial radiology, allowing accurate 3D imaging of hard tissue structures.
The first basic principles for the use of dental CBCT were introduced by both the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and the European Academy of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology [4, 5]. Soon after that, evidence-based guidelines for the use of CBCT in dental and maxillofacial radiology were prepared by the Sedentexct Project, i.e. European Commission guidelines [6]. In addition, the European Academy of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology has prepared a position paper for basic training requirements for the use of dental CBCT by dentists [7]. 2ff7e9595c
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